Apr 29, 2024  
2021-2022 Undergraduate Academic Catalog 
    
2021-2022 Undergraduate Academic Catalog [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions


Course Subject Abbreviations  

Course Descriptions Information  

 

 

Science

  
  • SCIE 4153 - Ecology


    3 credits

    The study of relationships between organisms and their environment. Including environmental relationships between individual organisms to factors influencing the entire state of the planet.

    Prerequisite: 16 credits of science and MATH 1313 Statistics.
    Concurrent: Requires concurrent enrollment in SCIE 4151 Ecology Laboratory.
  
  • SCIE 4223 - Bioethics


    3 credits

    The study of ethical questions surrounding health care and biological research. Specifically medical practice, biomedical research and ethics of health and well-being of local and global communities. (Same as PHIL 4223)

  
  • SCIE 4421 - Biochemistry Laboratory


    1 credits

    A laboratory supporting SCIE 4423 Biochemistry.

    Concurrent: Requires concurrent enrollment in SCIE 4423 Biochemistry.
  
  • SCIE 4423 - Biochemistry


    3 credits

    Structure of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids; enzyme catalysis and principles in metabolism, including glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and photosynthesis.

    Prerequisite: SCIE 2063 General Biology II and SCIE 2443 Organic Chemistry II.
    Concurrent: Requires concurrent enrollment in SCIE 4421 Biochemistry Laboratory.
  
  • SCIE 4661-3 - Undergraduate Science Teaching Assistant


    1-3 credits

    These courses involves a student assisting faculty in performing instructional tasks. Requires at least junior standing and instructor permission.

  
  • SCIE 4671-3 - Undergraduate Science Lab Assistant


    1-3 credits

    These courses involve working in the lab to prepare for classes, research or upkeep of the lab. Requires permission of Lab Supervisor and Department Chair. (Grade Pass/No Credit)

  
  • SCIE 4713 - Secondary Science Methods & Lab Management


    3 credits

    Exploration of current methodology, research, curriculum trends, and classroom applications will be directed for middle, junior, and senior high school educators. The course will focus on methodologies pertinent to teach Science at the secondary level, including the integration of technology in instruction.

    Prerequisite: Admission to the professional sequence. Course taken in sequence as required by the College of Education.
  
  • SCIE 4782 - Science Capstone I


    2 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] The first semester Capstone course focuses on building skills in curriculum vitae writing, giving presentations, peer-led scientific article discussions, and reviewing scientific literature. The final project requires students to write a literature review which prepares them for the Science Capstone II course.   (Fall semester)

    Prerequisite: Senior standing as Biology (all tracks) or Environmental Science (all tracks) major.
  
  • SCIE 4791 - Science Capstone II


    1 credits

    The second semester Capstone course requires students to use the knowledge they have learned from Science Capstone I to write a Science Project Proposal and present it at Spring NU Science Colloquium. (Spring semester)

    Prerequisite: SCIE 4782 Science Capstone I 
  
  • SCIE 4921-4 - Research Topics


    1-4 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] These courses involve original research in the biological sciences under the supervision of a faculty member approved by the department. Completion requires a research proposal, scientific report and oral presentation of the results in a symposium, such as the Spring NU Science Colloquium or a national conference. No more than four credits may be taken in any semester and senior standing is required.

    Prerequisite: Faculty member permission.
  
  • SCIE 4941 - Science Internship and Certification


    1 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] This (paid or unpaid) internship offers the student practical experience in science-based occupations. Students will gain practical on-site work experience in which technical skills and abilities are applied. Sites are selected by students with the pre-approval of your advisor and the science department.  Successful completion of Certifications such as Phlebotomy, Woofer, Medical Transcription, Wilderness Guide, Naturalist and Scuba may be counted as credits towards this class.  Two credits are the maximum allowed.   Students are required to formally present their experiences to the science department. (Grade Pass/No Credit)

  
  • SCIE 4942 - Science Internship and Certification


    2 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] This (paid or unpaid) internship offers the student practical experience in science-based occupations. Students will gain practical on-site work experience in which technical skills and abilities are applied. Sites are selected by students with the pre-approval of your advisor and the science department.  Successful completion of Certifications such as Phlebotomy, Woofer, Medical Transcription, Wilderness Guide, Naturalist and Scuba may be counted as credits towards this class.  Two credits are the maximum allowed.   Students are required to formally present their experiences to the science department. (Grade Pass/No Credit)


Theology

  
  • INCS 1063 - Gospel and Culture


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] A course that focuses on the central aspects of the Christian faith. It begins with the Apostles’ Creed as a clear and concise statement of the essentials of Christian faith in light of who God is: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This course will further unpack the meaning of this Trinitarian, gospel-centered early summary of the Christian faith and its implications as a foundation for a life of Christian discipleship in community.  (Same as THEO 1063)

  
  • THEO 462X - Contemporary Pentecostal Studies


    Offered for Variable Credit credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] A seminar course providing students with an opportunity to engage in supervised reading and research on Pentecostal topics. Readings (with associated research and writing requirements) on Pentecostal history, theology, and praxis are assigned. Conference attendance and subsequent assignments are included under the direction of the faculty when possible. Additional fees are required based upon the conference requirements, and are listed in the respective Semester Course Schedule. (Same as BIBL 462x)

  
  • THEO 1063 - Gospel and Culture


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] This course explores the contours of a gospel-centered, Spirit-empowered Christian faith, mind, and worldview, and the ways in which these intersect with the values and perspectives of prevailing society and culture. Significant emphasis will also be given to engaging key cultural and religious expressions such as secularism, consumerism, and naturalism. Attention will also be paid to topics such as racism and human sexuality. The goal of this course will be to encourage students to articulate a biblical framework for cultural and religious engagement, both as individuals and as a Christian community. (Same as INCS 1063)

  
  • THEO 1093 - Foundations of Christian Faith


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] A course that focuses on the central aspects of the Christian faith. It begins with the Apostles’ Creed as a clear and concise statement of the essentials of Christian faith in light of who God is: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This course will further unpack the meaning of this Trinitarian, gospel-centered early summary of the Christian faith and its implications as a foundation for a life of Christian discipleship in community.

  
  • THEO 1093H - Honors: Foundations of Christian Faith


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement]  A course that focuses on the central aspects of the Christian faith. It begins with the Apostles’ Creed as a clear and concise statement of the essentials of Christian faith in light of who God is: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This course will further unpack the meaning of this Trinitarian, gospel-centered early summary of the Christian faith and its implications as a foundation for a life of Christian discipleship in community.

  
  • THEO 1213 - Christian Thought


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement; this course is a prerequisite to all other theology courses.] An introduction to Christian theology from an evangelical and Pentecostal perspective with the purpose of creating a stronger intellectual basis for loving God and others. Topics include the theology of God (theology proper), humanity and creation (anthropology), the person and work of Christ (Christology), the person and work of the Holy Spirit (pneumatology), the nature of the Church (ecclesiology), final things (eschatology), as well as the nature, purpose, and methods of theological study.

  
  • THEO 1093H - Honors: Foundations of Christian Faith


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement.] A course that focuses on the central aspects of the Christian faith. It begins with the Apostles’ Creed as a clear and concise statement of the essentials of Christian faith in light of who God is: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This course will further unpack the meaning of this Trinitarian, gospel-centered early summary of the Christian faith and its implications as a foundation for a life of Christian discipleship in community.

    Prerequisite: Acceptance in the Honors Program.
  
  • THEO 2323 - Jesus the Messiah


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] This course draws from both testaments of the Bible to examine the person, teaching, and mission of Jesus as promised Messiah who uniquely and decisively fulfills God’s purposes. It traces the nature and shape of Israel’s story to appreciate the significance of Jesus of Nazareth in his own time as well as the pivotal role of Jesus as Lord in early Christianity. It considers contemporary understandings about Jesus and the message of Good News in the contexts of popular culture and Christian experience. In these ways, the course illuminates Jesus as the central and defining character of the Christian faith.

  
  • THEO 2413 - Developing a Biblical Worldview


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] A survey of philosophical worldviews and life narratives as a background for developing ones own worldview. This course explores the challenges involved in developing a theology and ethic accountable to the biblical witness but contextual in a given culture. Theological currents leading to postmodernity are explored through the lens provided by the questions and encounters that emerge from both western and nonwestern Christian perspectives.

  
  • THEO 2503 - Pentecostal Spirituality


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] This course examines Pentecostal beliefs regarding the personal triune God and the gracious activities of the Holy Spirit at work eschatologically, relationally, and missionally. The course will consider particular spiritually formative practices, including Spirit baptism, in light of these beliefs.

    Prerequisite: THEO 1213 Christian Thought.
  
  • THEO 3043 - Biblical Theology of Mission


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] A survey of the biblical foundations for the Christian mission. It begins with the Old Testament antecedents to the Christian mission and examines how they prepared the way for the coming of Jesus Christ and for the proclamation of the Christian gospel. (Same as BIBL 3043)

  
  • THEO 3193 - Theology of Compassion


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] Compassion for others, especially for those in need, is a fundamental tenet of biblical theology. Compassion for humankind was the motivation for Christ’s mission to earth, as He mentions at the inauguration of his ministry in Luke 4: “The Spirit of the Lord is on me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners and recovery of sight for the blind, to set the oppressed free, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.” This course reviews the biblical foundation for compassion and traces the Church’s theological interpretation and practical application of compassion throughout history.

  
  • THEO 3213 - Systematic Theology I


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] This course is a more advance examination of theological methodology, the doctrine of God, and the doctrine of humanity and creation.

    Prerequisite: THEO 1213 Christian Thought and THEO 2503 Pentecostal Spirituality.
  
  • THEO 3223 - Systematic Theology II


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] This course is a more advance examination of three traditional areas of systematic theology: the person and work of Jesus Christ, the doctrine of the Church, and the doctrine of last things.

    Prerequisite: THEO 1213 Christian Thought and THEO 2503 Pentecostal Spirituality. Recommended: THEO 3213 Systematic Theology I.
  
  • THEO 3403 - Christianity and Postmodern Thought


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] An examination of the philosophical and theological background of postmodernism. Common traits of postmodern thought, theology, and church practice are compared to orthodox Christianity; both will be explored in light of biblical teaching. Includes a survey of current major authors and ideas in the emerging church movement as well as other postmodern theological issues.

    Prerequisite: THEO 1213 Christian Thought.
  
  • THEO 3413 - Theology of Ministry Essentials


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] This course grounds the local church ceremonies and ordinances of infant dedication, water baptism, communion, weddings, and funerals in a biblical theology and guides the vocational minister in how to prepare for and conduct them. The course includes labs plus field trips to local churches and a mortuary.

  
  • THEO 3433 - Theology of Worship


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] This course provides an overview of the significant theological issues related to the topic of Christian worship. Attention is directed to the major statements on worship and descriptions of worship practices found in both the OT and NT. The appropriation and elaboration of this biblical material by various traditions over the centuries is examined with a view to what can be learned to inform and enhance Pentecostal worship. (Same as BIBL 3433)

  
  • THEO 4053 - Survey of Contemporary Theologies


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] A survey of the history and doctrines of theological groups in America started in 19th and 20th centuries. This course examines the basic theologies and histories of major denominations in the US. The sources of authority, methods, practices and beliefs of select groups which are active or influential today are compared with orthodox Christianity.

    Prerequisite: THEO 1213 Christian Thought.
  
  • THEO 4183 - Classics of Christian Devotion


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] A reading survey of great Christian classics through the centuries, the course will examine the writings of Christian practitioners whose works have had an enduring and profound effect upon the church and the world. Efforts will be made to expose students to a cross-section of Christian devotional thought from different genres and theological perspectives, be they of different church eras, sectarian movements, or ethnicities/regional orientations of the writers. The goal of the class will be to familiarize students with these writers and their works, and to personally appreciate, experience, and practice them in the spirit in which they were written. (Same as CHIS/RELG 4183)

  
  • THEO 4203 - Ecclesiology and Eschatology


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] A study of the doctrines of the church and of “last things.” The nature, life, and redemptive work of the people of God throughout history are considered in light of how prophetic calling and ultimate hope may shape the present existence of communities of faith.

    Prerequisite: THEO 1213 Christian Thought.
  
  • THEO 4653 - Theology Seminar


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] Seminar classes are intended to guide the students into scholarly research and critical thinking. They will typically involve presentations by the lecturer and research by the students, issuing in the writing of a research paper and class presentation of this material to stimulate discussion by fellow students in a specialized field of knowledge. Therefore, the number of students in this seminar is limited to 16 students.

  
  • THEO 4663 - Theology Seminar


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] Seminar classes are intended to guide the students into scholarly research and critical thinking. They will typically involve presentations by the lecturer and research by the students, issuing in the writing of a research paper and class presentation of this material to stimulate discussion by fellow students in a specialized field of knowledge. Therefore, the number of students in this seminar is limited to 16 students.

  
  • THEO 4673 - Theology Seminar


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] Seminar classes are intended to guide the students into scholarly research and critical thinking. They will typically involve presentations by the lecturer and research by the students, issuing in the writing of a research paper and class presentation of this material to stimulate discussion by fellow students in a specialized field of knowledge. Therefore, the number of students in this seminar is limited to 16 students.

  
  • THEO 4683 - Theology Seminar


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] Seminar classes are intended to guide the students into scholarly research and critical thinking. They will typically involve presentations by the lecturer and research by the students, issuing in the writing of a research paper and class presentation of this material to stimulate discussion by fellow students in a specialized field of knowledge. Therefore, the number of students in this seminar is limited to 16 students.

  
  • THEO 4693 - Theology Seminar


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] Seminar classes are intended to guide the students into scholarly research and critical thinking. They will typically involve presentations by the lecturer and research by the students, issuing in the writing of a research paper and class presentation of this material to stimulate discussion by fellow students in a specialized field of knowledge. Therefore, the number of students in this seminar is limited to 16 students.

  
  • THEO 4723 - The Church and Contemporary Christian Issues


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] Exegesis and discussion of selected New Testament passages relevant to a variety of personal issues and contemporary life, including sexual ethics, gender roles, Christian parenting, divorce and remarriage, wealth and possessions, and the problems of evil, death, and dying.

    Prerequisite: THEO 1213 Christian Thought.

User Design Experience

  
  • ARTE 2183 - Introduction to Design Thinking


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] An introduction to the basic concepts of Design Thinking. This course will provide a practical introduction to Design Thinking skills, along with opportunities for practicing those skills.  (Same as UXDE 2183)

  
  • UXDE 2153 - Technology and Culture


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] An introduction to a broad range of current and cutting edge technologies and how they impact our society and culture. This topic will include discussions of the ethics involved and also how we are to engage these technologies as Christians. (Same as SOCI 2153)

  
  • UXDE 2183 - Introduction to Design Thinking


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] An introduction to the basic concepts of Design Thinking. This course will provide a practical introduction to Design Thinking skills, along with opportunities for practicing those skills.  (Same as ARTE 2183)

  
  • UXDE 2213 - Information Visualization


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] The purpose of this course is to enable students to design, construct, and evaluate various techniques for data visualization with an emphasis on user-centered design and system development. By combining aspects of design thinking, computer graphics, HCI, and data science, the student will gain hands-on experience with creating visualizations, using exploratory tools, and architecting data narratives.

    Prerequisite: ARTE 2183 Introduction to Design Thinking. 
  
  • UXDE 3233 - Human Factors/Ergonomics


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement]  Through lectures and “hands-on” experiments, this course will challenge the student to explore objects and environments as sensory and psychological experiences that effect human comfort, efficiency, function and emotion. Emphasis will be put on empathizing with the user with particular attention to those individuals with special physical, cognitive or occupational needs.  (Course fee required)

  
  • UXDE 3253 - Discovering User Requirements for UX Design


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement]  This practical, hands-on course will lay the groundwork for understanding of the needs of the user. It will provide an insight into the psychology of user behavior and lay the foundation for students who are pursuing careers designing, evaluating, or marketing products for people. It will also cover a set of research tools to discover user needs, and enhance the user experience by deriving design recommendations. (Course fee required)

    Prerequisite: UXDE 3233 Human Factors/Ergonomics. 
  
  • UXDE 3313 - Designing the User Experience


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement]  This course covers the design and evaluation of the human-computer interface in interactive computer systems including desktop, laptop, mobile and audio-only devices. Among the topics covered are design specs and wire-frame models, prototype techniques, and design approaches such as menus, commands, use of voice control, etc. Students are expected to design interface mockups and evaluate them. (Course fee required)

    Prerequisite: UXDE 2213 Information Visualization or instructor permission 
  
  • UXDE 4353 - Design Lab-Programming User Interfaces


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement]  This class investigates advanced topics in the theory and practice of interaction design and development, using a hands-on, project-oriented approach. Develops expertise in design, development, and critique of solutions in a variety of platforms including desktop, mobile, and audio. (Course fee required)

    Prerequisite: UXDE 3313 Designing the User Experience and INTC 3083 Computer Programming. 
  
  • UXDE 4373 - International User Experience and Communication


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement]  Covers theory, research, and approaches for creating digital media for international audiences. Topics include cultural schemata and contrastive rhetoric, content, and text types and corresponding translation and localization strategies, market relevance and adaptation, international user research and usability, international polices and geopolitics, and cross- cultural business management and team work. This class will include an international trip to help understand the cultural differences affect the design of user experiences. (Course fee required)

    Prerequisite: UXDE 3253 Discovering User Requirements for UX Design
  
  • UXDE 4413 - Usability Testing and Measuring UX


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement]  This course will teach students a set of quantitative tools to understand user needs and evaluate the user experience. Students will receive an overview of the different quantitative methods being used in industry and academia, such as eye-tracking, big social media data analysis, and physiological tests.  (Course fee required)

  
  • UXDE 4443 - UX Project Experience with Corporate Partners


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement]  This course will provide experience in working with outside companies on solving real-world UX problems. (Course fee required)

    Prerequisite: UXDE 4413 Usability Testing & Measuring UX
  
  • UXDE 4453 - User Interface Design Capstone


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement]  This course provides an opportunity for a culminating UX project, highlighting the use of design, development and testing strategies. In addition, some percentage of this course will allow the students to demonstrate a tangible spiritual integration expression in their final project. (Course fee required)

    Prerequisite: UXDE 3253 Discovering User Requirements for UX Design

University

  
  • XXXX 2xx3H - Honors Special Topics


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement; General Education Writing option for all majors, including Science majors]  In this course students examine and explore issues related to the course topic. Topics rotate depending on the expertise of the instructor.

    Prerequisite: Acceptance in the Honors Program.

University Core

  
  • UCOR 1053 - Life Calling


    3 credits

    As a Christian learning community, Northwest University seeks to encourage students to develop a strong sense of personal identity and vision, embarking on their collegiate journey (academic excellence). This course will explore such topics as: what it means to be created in the image of God and what it means to recognize and develop ones specific giftings and strengths (spiritual vitality). The ultimate purpose of the course is to help students come to a better understanding of Gods specific calling in their lives, informing their potential career choices (empowered engagement with human need).

  
  • UNIV 1001 - Academic Success


    1 credits

    A course providing students with the self-awareness, academic skills, and individual direction to succeed within the educational environment of a college. This course is structured to offer students practical, proactive approaches to success within the classroom.

  
  • UNIV 1003 - Foundations for College Success


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement; Limited to College of Adult and Professional Studies program students only.] A course designed to assist adult learning in the transition to a successful college experience. Adult learners develop the self-awareness and academic skills needed to complete their college degree and become life-long learners.

  
  • UNIV 1703 - Introduction to Online Learning


    3 credits

    This course is an introduction to learning in the online environment. Topics include the learning management system, library resources, and other support mechanisms within the program.

  
  • UNIV 1791 - Introduction to Prior Learning Assessment


    1 credits

    Introduction to a conceptual analysis of prior learning and how to demonstrate in writing the theoretical and experiential knowledge gained outside the classroom. Course is required prior to submission of a portfolio for Prior Learning assessment. (Grade Pass/No Credit)

  
  • UNIV 1941 - Career Exploration Internship


    1 credits

    An opportunity for students to explore a career field or work experience related to an academic discipline through a hands-on, structured and supervised experience. This one credit course is repeatable in different fields for up to three credits. Student must register for the course and have their internship approved before beginning internship hours. This course does not meet internship requirements for a major. (Graded Pass/No Credit)

  
  • UNIV 3561 - Student Development Training


    1 credits

    Peer counseling, relation building, leadership training, and administration of discipline and other areas of student development will be studied. Open only to Resident Assistants or with permission of the instructor. May be repeated for a total of 4 credits. (Grade Pass/No Credit)

  
  • UNIV 3571 - Student Leadership Seminar


    1 credits

    A seminar designed to train student leaders in leadership philosophy and skills related to student positions. Basic leadership skills are applied to specific tasks. Open to students who desire a University leadership position. (Grade Pass/No Credit)


Youth Ministries

  
  • YMIN 2313 - Foundations of Youth, Children, and Family Ministries


    3 credits

    [Meets the Core Curriculum Writing Practice Requirement] An introductory study of the essentials of ministry to young people from birth through late adolescence. This course explores ministry during these significant stages of growth and formation and the unique challenges and opportunities provided. Special attention will be given the place of family structures, as well as emerging cultural and societal trends. This course will help students to frame the relevant issues and develop a holistic and theologically-based approach to ministry to young people.

  
  • YMIN 3273 - Studies in Youth Culture


    3 credits

    This course will deeply consider current youth and young adult culture, including: student world views and their historical construction, a deeper discussion of North American culture and church response, a broad analysis of the postmodern student in both high school and college, and a theoretical/theological perspective regarding outreach to postmoderns. Attention will be paid to methods of addressing youth culture by the gospel of Christ rather than mere awareness of its current state of being.

 

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